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The Belém National Palace, or alternately ''National Palace of Belém'', ((ポルトガル語:Palácio Nacional de Belém)) has, over time, been the official residence of Portuguese monarchs and, after the installation of the First Republic, the Presidents of the Portuguese Republic. Located in the civil parish of Santa Maria de Belém, the palace is located on a small hill that fronts the ''Praça Afonso de Albuquerque'', near the historical centre of Belém and the Monastery of the Jeronimos, close to the waterfront of the Tagus River. The five buildings that make up the main façade of the Palace date back to the second half of the 17th century, and were built at a time when, more and more, the monarchy and nobility were escaping the urbanized confines of Lisbon. ==History== The site originated from the ''Outeiro das Vinhas'', a property that fronted the beach of the Tagus River. It was King Manuel I of Portugal, the Renaissance gentleman scholar, who acquired the land, which he named ''Quinta de Belém'' in 1559, constructing a building with three salons and two atria. By the mid-17th century the property was linked to a scion of the Royal Court, consequently transferred to the possession of the Counts of Aveiras and occupied by a convent. The land was later acquired by King John V, who ordered its re-construction in 1726. It encompassed two parcels, the ''Quinta de Baixo'' and ''Quinta do Meio'', which the monarch purchased from João da Silva Telo, 3rd Count of Aveiros the space for 200,000 cruzados, in addition to the contiguous farmlands of the Counts of São Lourenço with the objective of constructing a summer home.〔〔〔 Although it is unclear when the first building was completed, it was likely to have occurred shortly after its original construction start, since by 1754 Queen Maria Anna of Austria had already died in the residence.〔 During the aftermath of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, it was determined that there was superficial damage and no fear of collapse, but a number of repairs were completed between 1755 and 1756.〔 Under supervision of the architect João Pedro Ludovice,〔 the ''Casa Real de Campo de Belém'' or ''Palácio das Leoneiras''(''Royal House of Belém Field'' or ''Palace of the Leoneiras'', respectively) also received attention. Work included replacing tile and repairs to the greenhouses and stables.〔 Similarly, around 1770, architect Mateus Vicente de Oliveira undertook reconstruction of the total estate.〔 This was the beginning of several small projects within the residence, that included: the painting of the ''Sala das Bicas''; the replacement of azulejo along the southern veranda (1778); construction of the birdhouses (1780); and the beginning construction of the Neoclassical horse training space (today in the space occupied by the National Coach Museum) by Italian Giacomo Azzolini (1828).〔〔〔 After 1807, with the departure of the Royal Family for Brazil, the furniture and artwork were removed from the palace, and the building was abandoned until the end of the Liberal Wars.〔〔 By 1839, the palace was once again used to hold royal balls, and served as the temporary residence for visiting royal dignitaries.〔〔 In 1840, during the extensive renovations being completed in the Palace of Necessidades, the Royal Family returned to Belém.〔 The family resided in the palace during the decade; the Infanta Antónia was even born in there (1845), and it was the centre of the ''Belenzada''.〔〔 By 1850, renovation of the grand ballroom was complete, permitting Queen Maria II to receive Portuguese society, and in September 1861, the Infanta married Prince Leopold, Prince of Hohenzollern in the same space.〔〔 In November 1861, the Infante Augusto died, followed by the Infante João on Christmas. A succession of deaths forced the Royal Family to abandon the Palace, and it once again became a residence for visiting dignitaries. This change was also superseded by small repairs to the building, which included new lighting and installation of gas lines.〔 In 1886, new public works were completed under the orders of King Carlos, under the direction of architect Rafael de Silva Castro and decorated by Leandro Braga, Columbano and João Vaz, to be the residence after his marriage with Princess Amélie of Orléans.〔〔〔 The palace was the birthplace of their children, the Prince Royal Luís Filipe in 1887 and Manuel in 1889. By the end of the century, the ''Palace of the Cortes'' was remodelled by Ventura Terra.〔 Between 1902 and 1903, the remodelling of the interior spaces under Rosendo Carvalheira was undertaken, with the additional construction of a visitors house on the north walk of the ''Pátio das Damas'', to receive the delegations of visiting guests.〔〔〔 This addition was inaugurated on the visit of the King of Spain, Alfonso XIII on his state visit to Portugal at the end of 1903. The following year, the training stables were separated from the palace, and destined to shelter the National Coach Museum.〔 By royal decree, and published in the ''Diário do Governo'' (4 September), the Palace ceased to operate as a royal residence, and passed onto the Treasury, for the "''accommodation of heads of state, princes and foreign missions that come on an official visit to Lisbon, leaving for that purpose by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs''".〔〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Belém Palace」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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